There is no sign of an end to fighting in Ukraine despite US-brokered talks being held for the first time since February. ( AP: Evgeniy Maloletka )
Envoys from Kyiv, Moscow and Washington DC discuss security guarantees, territorial concessions and a Europe-wide security framework at their first meeting since February.
Despite Donald Trump insisting a deal can be done, the trilateral failed to provide any breakthroughs.
There remain major gaps between Ukraine and Russia on the terms of any possible agreement.
Russian and Ukrainian officials have met in Abu Dhabi for their first US-brokered talks since February, after Donald Trump suggested last week that a broad deal was possible on ending the war in Ukraine and guaranteeing security in Europe.
US envoy Jared Kushner told delegates that recent contacts with both sides had "really identified, narrowed the gaps", and the US side had "some good ideas" on how to bridge their differences.
Mr Trump, he said, was committed to achieving peace.
"He really has asked us to put extra effort into trying to find a solution that hopefully ends the war but also leaves both sides in a much stronger position" to realise their full potential, Mr Kushner said.
Jared Kushner, US President Donald Trump's son-in-law, is leading the trilateral talks with Russia and Ukraine. ( Reuters: Rula Rouhana )
But more than four and a half years after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and with Russian forces holding about a fifth of the country, Moscow and Kyiv remain far apart — despite Mr Trump's optimism — on terms for a possible settlement.
Ukraine's chief delegate, Rustem Umerov, said in his opening remarks that Kyiv was focused on achieving security guarantees and a lasting peace.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov underlined Moscow's preference for negotiating a broad European security framework before tackling the specifics of the war.
"The idea of defining clear parameters for a future security architecture, and only then moving on to resolving the actual Russia-Ukraine conflict, is absolutely reasonable," he told reporters in Moscow.
A day before the talks, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen voiced the opposite view, saying wider security talks should come only after a ceasefire in Ukraine.
Mr Lavrov again rejected the notion of a truce, saying the Europeans were trying to buy breathing space for Ukraine.
The new American drive for a deal has galvanised European officials into pushing for a place at the table to seek an end to the continent's deadliest conflict since World War Two.
Before the start of the main meeting, the Ukrainians met separately with European, NATO and EU representatives and the two American envoys, Mr Kushner and Steve Witkoff.
France said there could be no lasting peace in Ukraine without addressing European security, and that this required the involvement of the Europeans.
Rustem Umerov says Ukraine is unwilling to concede territory without serious security guarantees from allies. ( Reuters: Rula Rouhana )
Russia had made clear it did not see a place for Europeans at the meeting with the Ukrainians and Americans.
Describing the talks in Abu Dhabi as "very productive", US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the goal at some point was to expand the trilateral talks to include the Europeans.
The US president has frequently said an agreement was close, without a deal emerging.
However, negotiations have picked up again in recent weeks after months in which Washington's attention was focused on the war in Iran.
Publicly, there has been no sign that Russian President Vladimir Putin is willing to drop his insistence that Ukraine surrender the entire eastern region of Donbas before a peace deal can be struck.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has refused to hand over land that his forces have died defending.
Russian front-line advances have slowed to a virtual halt this year but Moscow has been pounding Ukrainian cities and energy facilities, while Ukraine has stepped up attacks on oil refineries and other infrastructure deep inside Russia.
A source in the Russian delegation said Russia believed the main thrust of the talks would be trying to hammer out the key elements of a new post-war security framework for Europe.
On the eve of the negotiations, Mr Zelenskyy said Ukraine's leverage in the talks was increasing as a result of its recent battlefield performance, which has included retaking some territory in Donetsk, a coal-mining area of the Donbas.
Four and a half years after Russia began its invasion, intense fighting is continuing in eastern Ukraine. ( Reuters: Valentyn Ogirenko )
"Ukrainian forces are currently genuinely strengthening Ukraine's negotiating position," Mr Zelenskyy said in his nightly video address on Monday.
He said Russia was suffering "record losses" — an assertion disputed by Moscow — and urged Washington to convince the Kremlin to end the war.
US negotiators believe that Mr Zelenskyy and Mr Putin may be willing to strike a compromise on the vital question of territory, each ceding a little, a US official told Reuters.
Under the proposed deal, Ukraine would get an end to the war, security guarantees and a road-map to accession to the EU.
A senior Ukrainian official strongly denied that the government would consider any such concessions.
The issue of territory could be discussed only at the leaders' level and only in the context of appropriate security guarantees for Ukraine, the official said.
