FIFO workers face long shifts away from family, with accommodation playing a crucial role in their wellbeing. ( ABC News: Cody Fenner )
Researchers say minimum accommodation standards are dropping on mine sites around the country.
As a result, FIFO workers are more likely to experience psychosocial hazards like isolation and harassment.
A code of practice for worker's accommodation is set to be endorsed by the WA government next year.
With six years' experience as a WA fly-in fly-out (FIFO) worker, Vicky Pellowe still remembers the creeping sense of loneliness at the end of a 12-hour shift.
"If you have had any kind of challenge or if there's anything going on at home, you are very much isolated with your own thoughts in your room," she said.
"It needs to be comfortable, clean and connected."
Mining camps are often built up with demountable "dongas". ( ABC: Jessica Shackleton )
As the Australian resources sector has exploded with year-on-year production records, advocates warn basic accommodation standards on remote mine sites are slipping.
Ms Pellowe says the options range anywhere from extravagant camps to motel-style overflow to "donga" demountables.
Ms Pellowe, executive director of the FIFO Family Project, represents one of 50 organisations that submitted to the WA government about a draft code of practice for workers' accommodation.
Vicky Pellowe heads the FIFO Family Project, an advocacy group she founded after working in the mining industry. ( Supplied )
The code outlined best practice for amenities, including deadbolts on doors, better lighting in outdoor areas, king-single beds and reliable Internet connections.
Triggered in part by revelations of widespread sexual harassment on site , it closed for feedback in June.
The Department of Local Government, Industry Relations, and Safety says the code will receive final endorsement next year.
Once the code of practice is in place, mining companies will not be legally bound to follow it, but it could be admissible in court if a hazard has not been properly managed.
Ms Pellowe said there remained critical gaps when it came to connecting workers with their loved ones back home.
She called for a mandated 24/7 contact point for families to raise welfare concerns.
"They can be a real part of the safety net if they're included in these conversations about psychosocial wellbeing of workers," she said.
Architectural sociologist Jack Tooley, who also entered a submission, said mining companies had failed to connect the challenges to their bottom line.
In a study published last month by journal Safety Science , Dr Tooley identified a reluctance to grant access to outside researchers, a lack of trust in survey data and an over-reliance on "wellbeing washing" like swimming pools.
Mid-tier operator Mineral Resources built luxury-style Mungala Resort for its Pilbara workers in 2021. ( Supplied: MinRes )
Dr Tooley attributed 60 per cent of the psychosocial issues faced by mine workers to the built environment around them.
Modelling by Dr Tooley's consultancy found simple improvements that lifted a worker's experience to a "neutral standard" — things like a better bed or noise-cancelling acoustics — could generate about $1.6 billion in annual revenue.
Some advocates say the disparity is growing larger between rudimentary camps and resort-style accommodation. ( Supplied: Courtney Mason )
Erin Turner delivers mental health training at Queensland mine sites and says growing workforces mean FIFO workers often feel shunted from room to room.
"What that means is that people can't have their photos, they can't have certain homelike things that they would usually have," she said.
Ms Turner said "creature comforts" were important to navigate the isolation and recover from long hours.
Researchers from Edith Cowan University found employees in WA's Pilbara region were scared to speak up about the issues.
They approached 20 for in-depth interviews across FIFO and residential rosters.
Senior lecturer Heidi Vivian argued a wave of industrial action at BHP's iron ore and port operations earlier in the year was a reaction, having spoken with union-affiliated workers.
Research found basic improvements could boost workforce value significantly. ( ABC: Charlie McLean )
Dr Vivian said a culture of silence shrouded dissatisfaction with pay and conditions as well as allegations of bullying and harassment.
A 2022 parliamentary report found nearly three-quarters of women in mining had experienced sexual harassment at work and it was widely accepted as part of the job.
Class actions have been launched in the Federal Court against BHP, Rio Tinto and Fortescue .
"They're asked to suck it up, toe the company line," Dr Vivian said.
"I believe that's probably part of the reason that some of the organisations are in the situation that they are now."
A BHP spokesperson told the ABC the company recognised "FIFO work asks a lot of our people".
"We regularly review worker accommodation, services, and amenities across our operations and we welcome the input of our workers," the spokesperson said.
Rio Tinto said it refurbished 3,000 of more than 1,900 FIFO rooms last year, along with mess halls, showers, laundry blocks and gyms.
Fortescue Metals Group was also contacted for comment.
