With Democrats flipping control of Congress in the midterm election , the shift in power on Capitol Hill could reshape household budgets — from student loan bills and health insurance premiums to housing costs and taxes.
Experts say results show that rising costs were top of mind for voters.
"I see this election as a repudiation of the anti-affordability agenda from the Trump administration," said Daniel Bunn, president and CEO of the Tax Foundation, a nonpartisan, nonprofit research organization.
"Whether that's the conflict in the Middle East or the tariffs, just top to bottom, it's clear to me that was a real concern of the electorate," he said.
White House spokesman Matthew Middleton said in an emailed statement that the Trump administration has delivered "tangible wins to make life more affordable for American families." Officials "will continue to put hardworking American's first with or without support from Democrats," he wrote.
Democrats won control of both the House of Representatives and Senate, which could make it easier for the party to advance legislation. They can also use hearings and investigations to press federal agencies and companies to answer for policies and practices that impact consumers, and exert leverage over confirmation of President Donald Trump's nominees.
But turning campaign promises into changes people feel in their finances won't be easy. Trump can veto bills a Democrat-controlled Congress passes, limiting how much of their agenda could become law. Based on projections, Democrats will lack the numbers needed to override a presidential veto.
Any changes will also take time: Newly elected members of Congress won't take office until January.
Here are eight ways Democrats’ new congressional majority could affect your money.
"Not surprisingly, the Dems are going to be keyed in on affordability with respect to healthcare," said Zach Gaumer, vice president of health policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center, a nonpartisan think tank.
OBBBA made Trump's 2017 tax cuts permanent and added temporary tax breaks. These included new deductions for tip income , overtime earnings , seniors and auto loan interest , which will expire after 2028 without an extension.
Democrats may support extending these provisions. But as the Democrat-controlled Congress maps out its agenda, lawmakers will have to address the federal budget deficit. For fiscal year 2026, the budget deficit ballooned to nearly $2 trillion , the Treasury announced in October.
Newly elected Democratic senators James Talarico of Texas, Troy Jackson of Maine and Annie Andrews of South Carolina all campaigned on expanding the child tax credit . Earlier this year, Senate Democrats also floated ideas to expand the standard deduction and create income tax exemptions for lower-earning Americans — which are costly proposals, according to Bunn from the Tax Foundation.
"I've called these termites in the tax code," he said. "You cannot consistently narrow your base, especially for the income tax, and expect your spending priorities to be well-funded."
With Democrats in control of Congress, they are likely to hold hearings and subpoena Trump officials over the administration's student loan policies, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.
One priority may be pressing the Education Department to fix the popular Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, which cancels the remaining federal student debt of eligible government and nonprofit workers after a decade. Over the summer, Trump officials reassessed repayment timelines, delaying some borrowers' forgiveness date by years.
Broad student loan forgiveness is unlikely: Trump could veto such a bill, and the Supreme Court blocked the Biden administration's plan. More attainable changes could include restoring tax-free treatment of forgiven student debt, raising the new borrowing caps and expanding repayment options — measures that may attract bipartisan support, Kantrowitz said.
Trump has also said he may support legislation capping federal student loan interest rates , a proposal that could give Democrats common ground in their push to ease borrowers’ costs.
Housing affordability was a key election issue, and Democrats will likely explore ways to deliver relief, such as introducing measures to help first-time homebuyers, according to an Oct. 30 analysis by Desjardins, a Canadian financial services company.
However, lawmakers generally have little direct impact on home prices, which are based on market conditions. Mortgage rates, too, are influenced by forces generally beyond congressional control. The yield on the 10-year Treasury, which remains higher than it was before the Iran war — due at least partly to concerns about inflation eroding the value of those bonds — influences mortgage rates.
"Jumpstarting the housing market relies on a calmer geopolitical environment and bond market in the short run," plus more housing supply and a "more dynamic labor market in the long run," said Jake Krimmel, senior economist at Realtor.com.
The bipartisan 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act , which automatically became law July 11 without the president's signature due to a constitutional provision, is "a model for what can pass in a divided Washington," Krimmel said. It includes measures to encourage housing construction, reduce regulatory barriers, expand financing options and limit purchases of single-family homes by large institutional investors.
The incoming class of Senators will have to address Social Security insolvency .
The program's trustees project that the trust fund Social Security relies on to help pay retirement benefits, formally known as the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, may be depleted in the fourth quarter of 2032. Without action from Congress before then, benefits could face an across-the-board cut of 22%.
A number of Democratic lawmakers and some Republicans have called for increased payroll taxes on high earners to help shore up Social Security.
A potential SECURE 3.0 bill — a follow-up to bipartisan retirement-savings laws passed in 2019 and 2022 — could help expand workers' access to workplace retirement plans like 401(k)s, for example, among a roster of other reforms, experts said.
"Trump promised to cap credit card rates at 10%," said Aaron Klein, a senior fellow in economic studies at the Brookings Institution, a think tank. "A Democratic Congress might be willing to do that."
Any such cap is likely to be closer to 36% than to the 10% cap Trump has sought, Jaret Seiberg, a financial services policy analyst at TD Cowen, an investment bank, wrote in a research note Wednesday. Lawmakers in the current Congress have proposed legislation with these thresholds.
A cap would likely be welcome news for low- and middle-income Americans, Klein said. They are more likely than wealthy households to use debt to finance their lives and to carry a credit card balance — and therefore owe interest on their charges, he said.
Cardholders might see other impacts of such a policy, such as lower credit limits and a clawback of certain card rewards, he said.
Democrats' takeover of Congress could stall efforts to put crypto-friendly regulations into federal law, but everyday investors shouldn't expect much to change immediately.
"Platforms will keep offering the products they offer today, and they still have friendly regulators at the SEC and CFTC who are approving an ever-wider range of crypto products," said Lee Reiners, a cryptocurrency regulation expert and lecturing fellow of economics at Duke University.
The election results could threaten the CLARITY Act , which would give the Commodity Futures Trading Commission greater authority over cryptocurrency trading while reducing the Securities and Exchange Commission's role. The bill passed the House in July 2025 by a 294-134 vote, but failed to advance in the Senate in September on a 49-50 procedural vote . "CLARITY is dead," said Reiners, adding that he sees little chance of the bill passing during the lame-duck session before Democrats take control in January.
Any future legislation aimed at creating a regulatory framework for digital assets would likely need to address Democrats' concerns about investor protections and conflicts of interest involving Trump's crypto businesses, said Martin Mulyadi, an accounting professor at Shenandoah University.
The SEC and CFTC can also continue developing crypto-friendly rules without Congress. But those rules are easier for a future administration to reverse than legislation, said Marcel Miu, a certified financial planner and founder of Simplify Wealth Planning based in Austin, Texas. "I'd tell investors to size their crypto investments as if the rules could change repeatedly over the coming years," Miu said.
The Iran war has led oil prices — and those of gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel and other fuels refined from oil — to surge. That has trickled into higher prices across the U.S. economy, experts said.
Oil prices fell on Wednesday on hopes that the election outcome will push Trump to make a deal to end the war .
"Ending the war in Iran would be the biggest policy lever to reducing inflation," the Brookings Institution's Klein said.
A Democrat-led Congress could try to limit Trump's ability to continue the war, perhaps by cutting funding.
"Congress' biggest power is the power of the purse," Klein said. "Wars are expensive."
— CNBC's Lorie Konish and Stephanie Dhue contributed reporting.
